资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
以数字化手段全面呈现越剧音韵体****** 越音易通上线: 以数字化手段全面呈现越剧音韵体 本报记者 刘 淼 日前,一款名为“越音易通·越剧语音电子字典”(简称越音易通)的App实现了汉字译越音,让戏曲学习也用上了字典。 作为浙江艺术职业学院“双高”建设重点项目,越音易通浓缩了浙江艺术职业学院副教授钱丽文长达24年的教学思考,历时5年开发完成,收录了近6000个根据越剧语音声、韵、调整理的常用汉字,当使用者遇到发音问题时,可以逐字逐句听音学习,初学者也能在其中学习到各个流派的起源以及唱腔特点……越音易通以数字化手段全面呈现越剧音韵体系。 与此同时,由钱丽文编著的《越音易通·越剧音韵字汇》也出版面世。中国戏剧家协会副主席、越剧表演艺术家、浙江艺术学院特聘教授茅威涛认为,越音易通App与图书如同越剧语音的《新华字典》,在学术及应用上推动了越剧的学习和推广,为越剧学子及爱好者的研究传承提供了新的路径。 突破越剧音韵传承瓶颈 在中国传统戏曲中,音韵体系对剧种的风格、音乐、气质、形式会起到潜移默化的作用与影响。字韵决定咬字,咬字决定字势,字势决定音势,音势影响行腔,行腔影响旋律,旋律影响表演节奏,表演节奏构建演剧风格……由此可见字韵在越剧艺术表演中的重要性。 越剧在嵊州方言的基础上,吸收戏曲中州韵、上海方言、杭州方言的部分特点,逐步形成了一套相对独立的语音。然而,由于从艺人员出生地不同、演出团体归属地不同等原因,越剧发音在不同院团、不同地域中存在差异,因此越剧音韵研究长期以来都是越剧研究中的弱项。 此外,在长期的教学实践中,虽然有《越剧语音》教材为越剧唱腔、念白提供了教学指导,但仍远远不足以满足当下越剧发展传承的需要。即使是专业从业人员,遇到新剧本、新唱段时,也会出现有些字不知道该怎么念的情形,需要查找资料或咨询专家、老师才能确定,较为费时费力。非专业人员囿于基本没有受过专业训练,遇到越剧发音问题时,即使每个字有音标,也不一定能念准确。 “浙江作为越剧的发源地和人才培养的重要基地,如何更好地传承与发展越剧艺术,如何培养适应社会与时代发展需要的人才,是摆在我们面前一个紧迫而严峻的课题。”钱丽文深耕越剧教学20余年,也一直在寻找突破越剧音韵传承瓶颈的办法。 越剧学习有“字典”可查 突破的契机来自钱丽文的一次美国之旅。旅行的途中,钱丽文收到一位马上要录制越剧节目的演员的发音求助信息,但由于时差原因,她没能及时告诉演员那个字的准确发音。当钱丽文看着手里流畅英汉互译的翻译软件,突然灵光一闪,如果越剧也有这样一个软件就好了,这样学生有需求就可以直接查询,不会存在时间被耽误的问题。 回国后,钱丽文的这个想法得到同事的赞同。于是,她正式向学校提出建设“越音易通”项目。 “一开始觉得每个字的音标、声调都在我的脑子里,后来发现真要做起来,每一个字都要花很多时间。”钱丽文在App建设过程中遇到种种困难,要把越剧语音搬到App里可比想象中困难得多。 由于越剧语音的拼音、声调与汉语拼音的区别较大,哪个字该放在哪个韵,必须推敲,不能模棱两可。为了确定一个字的读音,钱丽文常常要打电话、查资料、听录音、看视频甚至专程赴上海、嵊州、绍兴等地请教专家,确保每个字读音正确。“我看了无数遍《红楼梦》《梁祝》《祥林嫂》的戏曲电影,就为了查一个字,把耳朵贴在屏幕上反反复复地听。”回忆这一路走来的努力,钱丽文感慨不已,“项目历时5年,能够顺利完成离不开学校的大力支持,以及领导、专家、同事的帮助。戏曲学院周伟君、龚利为小生唱段念白录音,华渭强、俞会珍为老生、老旦唱段念白录音,吕静为傅派、吕派唱段念白录音等等。” 最终成型的越音易通App包含越剧音韵的一些基础知识、字韵汇集和流派唱段用韵白表现的内容。配套的专著《越音易通·越剧音韵字汇》从汉字语音学的角度出发,根据越剧语音声、韵、调,将近6000个常用汉字(包括多音多韵字)进行系统化整理,标注音标与声调,按越剧韵目的“四尾”分块排列,以便查阅,全面呈现越剧语音声韵体系,科学规范越剧语音标准,是越剧审音辩字的实用工具书。 深度融合“互联网+”与传统文化教学 越音易通App是国内外首创的戏曲(越剧)查字翻译电子字典,这项研究开发填补了越剧音韵理论与新媒体技术融合的空白,为戏曲学习与电子工具结合提供范例。 这一应用打破了传统的戏曲学习模式,学习者可随时随地学习,而且是系统的、立体的、有声的、可查询的,有利于当下专业人员及非专业人员的学习。“希望更多的越剧爱好者能借助这一工具深入遨游越剧世界,推进戏曲的传承及弘扬,让越剧在网络时代焕发新的生命力。”钱丽文说。 “钱丽文用她的教学经验为越剧未来的从业者梳理出了一部带有学术性、专业性的著作,其良苦用心在此浩大的工程中可见一斑。这款App对广大越剧爱好者而言是一个实用性特别强的工具,更是浙艺在越剧艺术传承教学方面作出的一大贡献。”浙江艺术职业学院院长黄杭娟说。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |